地表最危险的工作：被100万只蜜蜂围攻，每天上下悬崖300米采蜜，日入3500美元但这个原始部落还是很穷
Have you ever eaten honey? Did you know that a small spoonful of the golden sweet liquid is actually bought at the cost of one’s life? In the deep mountains of Nepal, there is a group of people who still maintain an ancient and extremely dangerous profession: cliff honey collectors. They have no high-tech equipment, only a rope ladder, a bamboo pole and a group of fireworks, but they have to collect huge honeycombs from the cliffs hundreds of meters high. The honeycombs are hung by the largest bees on earth. The Himalayan black bees are nearly 3 cm long and are extremely aggressive. Once they get angry , they can form a cloud of bees that covers the sky and the sun within a few minutes , killing people. Honey collectors have to light a fire on the top of the cliff to smoke, then slowly descend along the shaking rope ladder to the side of the honeycomb, waving a bamboo pole more than ten meters long to cut the honeycomb. There is no safety rope during the whole process . One hand is used to stabilize the body, and the other hand is used to hold the body. The hands must be operated precisely. If there is any mistake , they will either be stung by bees and fall off the cliff or be hit by beehives. Most of these people are members of the Gurung or Majia tribes. Their ancestors have made a living by collecting honey for thousands of years and regarded honey as a gift from God . Now , under the impact of globalization and the pressure of ecological changes , this skill has not only not been eliminated , but the price has soared due to the scarcity of “wild crazy honey”. It was even sold for thousands of dollars per kilogram on the international black market. On one side is danger, on the other side is money. On the other side is traditional beliefs, on the other side is livelihood . They are not risking their lives for dreams , but for survival. But the question is: Why do they still take risks in this “primitive way” when technology can build drones and elevators ? What are they after? And can the honey earned through hard work really change their fate? In this issue, we will take these questions and go into the deep mountains of Nepal to see how those “beehive hunters” standing on the cliffs and surrounded by bee swarms use their bodies and courage to bring back those drops of hard-earned sweetness for their families. In the central part of Nepal, near the southern foot of the Himalayas, there lives an ancient ethnic group that coexists with mountains, snow, and bees – the Gurung people. They are not the focus of mainstream media, nor do they appear on the cover of tourism brochures , but it is they who have quietly preserved the world’s most extreme and thrilling honey-collecting method for thousands of years . The Gurung people are an ethnic group of the Tibeto-Burman language family . Most of them live in Ramjung, west of Kathmandu, Areas such as Kaski and Tanahu are at high altitudes, with dangerous mountain roads and extremely inconvenient transportation from the outside world . Because of this, they have lived together with nature for a long time and formed a unique mountain culture and belief system. “Honey” is the most sacred part of this system. In the minds of the Gurung people, bees are not ordinary insects but messengers sent by the mountain gods. The beehive is a gift from nature , and honey is the “medicine” of the gods. Every time honey is collected , it is not only a labor but also a ritual , a response to the gods, a tribute to the ancestors, and a submission to nature. The foundation of this culture lies in collecting honey on the edge of the cliff. In Gurung villages, it is not a certain person’s profession but the whole village. “Big Event” Every spring or autumn when the big bees in the mountains start to build nests, the whole village enters a tense and sacred preparation period. The elders are responsible for selecting beehives and surveying the terrain. Women begin to prepare rattan ropes and tobacco. Young men are busy repairing bamboo poles and baskets. Children also have tasks – they are responsible for standing at the foot of the mountain and cheering on the honey collectors with songs. Sometimes they have to pass tools and light fires. This process is like a drama without an audience. Each character has already written the lines in their blood. Many honey collectors say that the first time they “climbed the rope ladder” was with their fathers . At that time, they did not understand the value of honey. They only knew that their father was in the sky, the bees were around, and the mountains were in the mountains. Under the feet , one must grit his teeth and persevere until he grows up and becomes a “father” with a child. In this way, generation after generation , this skill of “exchanging life for money” is passed on from language to action, and from action to body. The life of the Gulong people is not rich. They do not rely on farming and do not have enough flat land to graze. Most people rely on seasonal labor and gathering for their livelihood. Honey, as one of the few “high-value” products that can be sold to the outside world, naturally becomes one of their economic lifelines. But even so, they have never regarded honey collection as a purely commercial act . Before setting off, they will slaughter sheep to sacrifice to the gods. After returning, they will hold a thanksgiving ceremony in the village and offer the first bucket of honey to their ancestors . They also have strict collection rules – they may not plunder young beehives, they may not take all the honey in one collection , and they must leave living space for the bee colony. This “measured acquisition” may seem clumsy, but it is actually wisdom . It is this awe-inspiring way that has allowed them to reach a delicate peace with the world’s most ferocious bees for thousands of years. But now the children of the Gurung people no longer look up at the beehives. They no longer practice walking on rope ladders or repairing vine ropes, but learn to dance and watch short videos on their mobile phones. This ancient skill seems to be standing on the edge of a cliff. Like the honey collectors, it is gradually disappearing in central and northern Nepal, with steep mountain roads and mountain villages scattered among the endless high mountains. This place is not a tourist attraction , and there are few maps with detailed locations. Chatan, Ramjung, Kaski… These place names are hidden on the misty ridges and are accompanied by clouds all year round . It is in these hard-to-reach places, under the cliffs and beside the waterfalls, that live the world’s “wildest” bees: the Himalayan black bees. This type of bee is the largest known bee. The adult bee can reach 3 cm in length. The body surface is covered with dense golden hairs. It moves quickly and has a violent personality. Especially when it is harassed, it will rush to the target in groups. The attack density is far higher than that of ordinary bees. For ordinary people, they are not only “flying assassins”, but also natural high-altitude guards . Their homes are not in trees but on vertical cliffs that soar into the sky . An ordinary beehive is often hung on cliffs at an altitude of 2,500 to 3,500 meters. The vertical drop is often more than 300 meters, and the highest record even reaches an astonishing 400 meters. The nest hangs horizontally on the cliff, clinging to the rock wall like a layer of yellow bread slices. It is surrounded by hundreds of thousands of black and yellow bees, working day and night. The reason why the beehive is built in such a steep location is nature’s “site selection wisdom”. There is plenty of sunshine and moderate wind , and it is difficult for birds and animals to approach, and it is even more difficult for humans to disturb. Near the beehive is often a natural plant treasure trove for them to forage. Rhododendrons, Tibetan medicinal herbs, and wild flowers are all over the mountains . Every spring and autumn, it is the time for honey bees. During the peak bee production period , especially in spring, when azalea flowers are in full bloom, the nectar contains a natural ingredient called gray mold toxin . This ingredient is collected by bees and fermented into a legendary “crazy honey”. Crazy honey has a deep red or golden copper appearance and tastes slightly bitter. It has strong medicinal effects. It is said to be able to cure rheumatism, lower blood pressure, relieve stomach problems and even “enhance male ability”. However, if consumed in excess, it will cause poisoning reactions such as dizziness, palpitations, vomiting, and even hallucinations. In some areas, it is also secretly used as a hallucinogen. It sells for thousands of dollars per kilogram on the black market . But no matter which kind of honey it is, the price to obtain it from this dangerous place is staggering. Honey collectors have to walk along steep paths with bamboo poles and ropes for hours or even days to reach a cliff with a beehive. In the process, they not only have to avoid monkeys, poisonous snakes and leeches on the mountain, but also have to face sudden weather changes , strong winds, heavy rains, mountain fog, landslides… Any accident is a fatal foreshadowing . In their eyes, this is not “honey collecting” but a struggle between man and bees, man and mountain, man and heaven . The more dangerous the terrain, the more bees there are. The more bees there are, the sweeter the honey. The sweeter the honey , the hotter the market… This is an ecological economic chain derived naturally from the mountains and forests , but behind it are layers of extreme challenges to the body and faith. In the modern city, you only need to swipe your card, shop online, and have it delivered to your door. It is not difficult to taste a spoonful of honey. But in this mountain forest in Nepal, every drop of honey comes from a honeycomb corner cut off by a honey collector who was stung all over and his hands were covered with blood. At five o’clock in the morning, the whole village had quietly woken up when the sky was just getting light. Men carried bamboo poles, knives, and ropes. Women sat by the fire and weaved thick hemp ropes. Children stood at the door and looked out. The air was filled with the smell of grass ash. It was the smoke from the firewood prepared in advance for fumigating the bees. Today is the big day for honey collection . In the mountain villages of Nepal , honey collection is not a job done by one person , nor is it a job that can be done by a family. What has been accomplished is like a primitive “war”. Men are warriors, women are logistics , elders are military advisors, and the entire community is a mobilized force. Their enemies are the beehive hanging on the 400-meter cliff and the group of fully armed giant bees with violent personalities. The elder stands on the edge of the cliff and looks at the beehives on the opposite mountain wall. Each one is as close to the rock wall as a pot lid , as if it could fall at any time, or as if it were nailed there by the mountain god. He shakes his head gently, recites the sacrificial words , then takes out a handful of glutinous rice and sprinkles it into the sky to pray for the honey collectors who are about to go down the cliff, “May the bees not be angry, the ladders not break, and the people not fall. ”
Next, it is the thrilling home scene. The honey collectors raise a nearly 20-meter-long bamboo pole above their heads and tentatively point it at the beehive on the cliff. They have no armor or safety ropes, only a simple soft ladder made of rattan and hemp rope. Hanging vertically from the top of the cliff, it sways constantly. The main collector is called Danka, 58 years old, with a thin back, a dark face and eyes like an eagle. He carefully tied himself to the ladder rope , holding a long pole, and slowly stepped onto the rope ladder. As soon as he stepped on the second section, it began to sway left and right . The swarm of bees moved at the smell of smoke, buzzing like a layer of clouds whistling in his ears. At this moment, his feet were on the void, his body was hanging on the cliff, holding a sharp weapon, and bees were all over his body. The only thing he could rely on was the sense of balance and precise judgment he had honed over the years. He first covered his mouth and nose with a wet cloth to avoid inhaling bee smoke , and then lit the straw bundle next to the hive to let the smoke rise to drive away some of the bees . Then, he held the pole in one hand and paddled with the other hand. He lightly picked up the lower edge of the hive from above and used a knife to cut off the golden and hot honey-covered nest. The whole process must be done in one go, without hesitation. As long as he paused In one second, the bees will instantly counterattack. Once the nest piece is cut , it will immediately fall into the beehive basket woven by rattan baskets below, and another person will pull it up with a rope . Every time honey is cut, it is a confrontation with life hanging in the balance. Some people are stung so much that they can’t open their eyes , and some people’s arms are burned with blisters . The most serious is that the rope is loose and the bamboo pole is broken, not the beehive that falls, but the person. “If you don’t dare to move, it will sting you; if you are too fast, it will bite you more, ”
Danka said, “The most frightening thing is that your hand is not broken, but the rope is broken. ”
In order to reduce the danger, honey collectors only go down the cliff twice a year at most . Each time they collect, they can get about 10 to 50 kilograms of honey. The market price varies, but in the local area, one season of honey is enough to exchange for a cow or half a year’s staple food . For them, this is their life. Someone asked: “Why don’t they change the machine? Don’t they wear protective gear? ” It’s not that no one has thought about it , but the alpine environment is extremely unstable. Machines cannot climb cliffs, and metal interferes with bee colonies. Protective gear is even more dangerous – they are not agile and cannot escape quickly, so they die faster. What they use is the most ancient method, because only in this way can they show their sincerity in front of the mountain god . This is a real high-altitude hunting event with lives at stake. The moments of blood, sweat and honey, thick smoke and bees, mountains and people are intertwined in a daily life that modern people can hardly imagine . They are not honey collectors, but more like beehive hunters , conquering cliffs with their bodies and conquering fate . The bottle of honey you buy in the city may be just a seasoning on the breakfast table , but in the mountain villages of Nepal , it is the hope of the entire family for a year , and it is the “hard currency” that a man exchanges for his life from the edge of the cliff. Cliff honey collection is a high-risk labor, but it carries The temptation after that is indeed real, and the price of wild red honey is rising rapidly. It In the international market, this crazy honey produced in a specific season, by specific bees, and specific plants is regarded as “nature’s stimulant” and “a mysterious prescription from the East”. It is said that it can lower blood pressure, relieve stomach pain, dilate blood vessels and even improve sexual ability. Although there is still controversy in medicine , the black market and the Chinese herbal medicine market are flocking to it. According to the recollections of honey collectors, the local purchase price of red honey in the early years was 200 to 500 Nepalese riels per kilogram, which is about 4 US dollars. However, after being hyped up by middlemen and the export route was opened, some high-quality crazy honey can be sold in the international market for 300 to 3,500 US dollars per kilogram. Bottled “refined crazy honey” is even packaged into gift boxes and sold to Europe, the United States, and East Asian countries with the gimmicks of “one thousand gold per drop” and “men’s gas station and women’s beauty salon”. However, all this profit The profits do not reach the honey collectors in large proportion. The reality is cruel. The most common problem faced by honey collectors is the middlemen who pressure them to lower their prices . The villagers have no means of transportation, no refrigerated storage conditions, and they do not understand the market situation. They can only hand over the whole barrel of honey to the buyers, who will bottle, process, price and transport it. A honey collector often works all day long and risks his life to get at most two to three thousand Nepalese rupees (about 100 yuan), which can barely support his family’s living expenses for a month. The assistants who pass the honeycombs, roast fires, smoke, pull ropes and lift baskets under the cliff earn even less , and sometimes they can only get a few jars of honey as “rewards”. This unwritten “traditional distribution method” makes the final profit extremely skewed even though the honey-collecting activity is a group cooperation. Of course, honey is not just for sale. In the hearts of the Gurung people, Red honey has many uses. In addition to being used to treat common diseases such as colds, stomach problems, wounds, and physical weakness, it is also offered to ancestral spirits at weddings or funerals. The remaining ones are also exchanged for cattle, salt, and clothes. Some are also kept and sealed in pottery jars to ferment for more than half a year before being eaten. On certain festivals, the village will use honey to make “honey wine”, and the men will sit around the fire and drink it, saying that it can “warm the body, strengthen courage, drive away evil spirits and nourish the spirit.” Some people also say that drinking a little honey wine before collecting honey will prevent you from shaking when climbing a cliff. But no matter how you use it, the value of honey is obvious . It is one of the few products that can be “cashed in” in this resource-scarce plateau village. Because of this, every time the honey collecting season comes, even if they know the danger, even if someone fell off the cliff last year , this year some people will tie their waist ropes again and go down to the beehive. Unfortunately, While the value of honey is increasing, the number of bees is decreasing. Sometimes, a group of people worked hard for half a day but only cut off less than 10 kilograms of honeycombs . Sometimes, they climbed to the edge of the cliff for two hours only to find that the bee colony had moved to another nest. Sometimes, the beehive was still there, but the honey was not ripe due to climate change, so what was cut was just an empty nest. The price of these “empty trips” is a whole day of rope wear and tear, manpower exhaustion, and risks in vain . The price of sweetness is not just the high cliffs, but also the fact that the beehive may not be rewarded, the market does not understand sympathy, and hard work does not equal harvest. They don’t care how much honey is worth per gram. They only care about whether they can come back smoothly this time and support their families until the next spring. Many people have seen the photo. A man was hanging alone on the edge of a hundred-meter cliff. A bamboo pole held up the beehive . One hand grabbed the rope and the other hand blocked the bees. Clouds and mist floated at his feet , and the bee colony buzzed above his head. The vine ladder swayed in the wind. He looked He looks like a warrior, like a death squad , but actually he is just an ordinary Nepalese mountain dweller. “Not every man can be a honey hunter ”
is like a tribal motto in the Gurung villages. To become a qualified beehive hunter, one needs to rely on a set of strict and almost cruel “physical and psychological selection”. The first is the physical condition. Honey hunters must have an excellent sense of balance and limb strength. They stay on the vine ladder for hours . Their legs must be steady, their hands must be quick, and their waists must be flexible. Most people can’t even hold on to the shaking rope ladder for five minutes , not to mention having to operate the bamboo pole to cut the beehive with one hand. The second is lung capacity and plateau resistance. Most beehives are hung on cliffs above 2,500 meters above sea level . The air is thin and the temperature changes quickly. If the respiratory system is not strong enough, it is easy to feel dizzy and weak, and make mistakes in judgment when climbing up and down. Once the physical strength is overdrawn, the rope ladder will shake even more violently. If your hands shake, you may fall. There are two most important points: psychological quality and fear control. At the honey-collecting site, the bee swarm will not “wait for you to cut it”. They will flutter in the face , hundreds or even thousands of them will fly around your ears , stinging, harassing, drilling into your collar, stinging your face, and stinging your hands . Most honey collectors have swollen faces and blisters on their arms due to stings. Some people even almost fainted due to allergies . Fear is the norm. Honey collectors must learn to make calm judgments in the pain and continue to operate in the bee swarm. They cannot shout, struggle, or waver, otherwise they will “seek death” . Outsiders cannot see these. They only see the hunters hanging high in the clouds when taking pictures, but they don’t know that it is the result of decades of exploration, pain, persistence and luck. In the village, only “old hands” are allowed to serve as the main collectors , and assistants are selected from young people. The most common training for newcomers is to carry honey around the village, climb ladders, lift bamboo poles, and light bee smoke. They practice for three years . Even so , not every young person can persist. Nowadays, most of the people in the village who still insist on collecting honey Over 50, their physical strength is not as good as before , but their experience is more valuable. Where the wind comes from, when the bee colony is restless, which hive is about to mature, all these depend on eyesight and intuition. But this also means that as one generation gets older and the next generation fails to take over, the entire skill may soon disappear. The young people see their fathers covered in scars, earning only a few dollars a year and turning around to work in the city. The old people who stay are like lonely forest rangers , guarding the bee colonies, guarding their beliefs and guarding a skill that no one learns anymore . Not everyone can be a honey collector, not because the skill is so profound , but because it is too bitter, too slow and too dangerous . Nowadays, fewer and fewer people are willing to endure this hardship and risk. Collecting honey in the mountains of Nepal is not pure labor. Every year on the eve of the honey collection season, the elders and hunters in the village will hold an ancient ceremony in front of the cliff. There is no gorgeous decoration, no grand scenery, only a few stones, some white rice, a goat and a pile of burning pine branches. The honey collectors sit around the fire with white ash or red marks on their foreheads to show that they are cleansing themselves. The elders recited the sacrificial words in a low and slow voice, praying to the mountains, the bees, and the ancestors: At the center of the ceremony is the goat to be slaughtered . Slaughtering a goat is a very solemn act among the Gurung people. They will carefully observe the gallbladder and liver of the goat. If the color is pure and the structure is intact , it means that the honey collection will be smooth . Otherwise, it is regarded as an “unlucky sign” and the action will be postponed or the location will be changed. Some old people said that they had accidents when they were young because they ignored the omen. Someone was surrounded by a swarm of bees and fell into the valley. The body was found at the foot of the mountain a week later. They believe in God and the mountain. They know that honey is a gift from the mountain, not a trophy of mankind. Therefore, honey collection is not done casually on the day of collection . The hunter has to burn incense again Before cutting the first nest , bee smoke must be lit and a handful of rice must be scattered to show “only take what is takeable”. After the honeycomb is collected, the first bucket of honey cannot be eaten or sold. It must be offered to the clan shrine for ancestor worship or important festivals . These rituals are not formalism but the logic of an ancient world. They believe that humans are just a part of nature. Anything taken from nature must be “returned” or “exchanged” in some way. If you do not respect this logic of exchange, you will be backfired. Either a bee stings you, the mountain slides, or the god leaves you. There is a story circulating in the village: A young hunter secretly hid a piece of honeycomb in his clothes while collecting honey. He did not tell the elders and did not share it with his companions. A few days later, he had a high fever , repeatedly fainted, but the medicine didn’t work. Later, a wizard was invited to say that “there is resentment in the honey.” His family burned incense for three days and burned the hidden beehive. Only then did they gradually recover. Believe it or not, this story has been passed down from generation to generation in their culture. In modern society, honey is a commodity , but in the world of the Gulong people, it is a sacred medium connecting the life of the mountains and the gods. However, this way of livelihood that has never been interrupted for thousands of years has become precarious in just twenty years. It is not because this skill has been eliminated , but because the environment on which it depends is rapidly collapsing. Ten years ago , a Gulong elder could bring three or four sons and more than a dozen assistants to collect six or seven beehives in two seasons a year and share dozens of kilograms of honey. But now, the same position After climbing up for two hours, you often find empty or dry nests – the bees are gone and not even the beeswax is left. All this is not caused by a single reason , but the result of multiple pressures. The first is ecological damage. Due to the advancement of projects such as mountain forest development, road construction, and dam expansion, the alpine rhododendrons, wild vines, and medicinal herbs that bees rely on for nectar have been destroyed in large quantities , resulting in a decrease in flower sources and loss of food for bee colonies. At the same time, the pesticides promoted by modern agriculture have also spread to the surrounding areas. Even a little pesticide blown by the wind may have a fatal impact on the bee colonies. The second is climate change . In the past, honey collectors knew when the rhododendrons would bloom and when the bees would build nests. But now the flowering period is disordered, the temperature is rising, the rainy season has come early, and the bees do not act according to the rules. The honey collectors have no way of judging . Moreover, due to the pressure from the external market and the plunder of resources, some foreign enterprises cooperate with local intermediaries to send modern honey collectors to use high-pressure smoke spray, large nets and high-altitude tools to “harvest honey in batches”. This not only destroys the ecology of the bee colony , but also seriously hits the livelihood of traditional hunters. The ancient rule of only collecting ripe honey and leaving half of the beehive is completely ignored by these commercial teams. Finally, there is the practical problem of traditional generational discontinuity. Most of the honey collectors who can still climb the cliff in the village are over 50 years old. Young people are unwilling to learn , not because of disrespect for their ancestors , but because honey collection cannot bring them the life they want. They want to go to school, make money, and work in the city. They don’t want to hang on the cliff, endure bee stings, and earn money for their lives. Several young people tried to learn how to use ropes and ladders and how to harvest honey from their fathers, but when they really climbed up the cliff, most of them were discouraged. Their feet trembled, their hands sweated, and their heartbeats were out of control when facing the bee colony. Therefore, the disappearance of a culture is not a sudden disaster. The old hunters still guard the hives , but they know that the next generation will not climb up again. Some cultural protection organizations have tried to intervene and set up “bee ecological zones” to encourage traditional honey collectors to be “cultural guides” and “bee courses”. There are also companies trying to help them brand and export honey. However, faced with complex health certification, export procedures, and packaging design, these mountain people still seem to be trapped under the cliff . They are familiar with bamboo poles and rope ladders , but they don’t understand contracts and QR codes. Today, when you see the product page of “Himalayan Crazy Honey” on the Internet, behind it may be the beehives they risked their lives to get, but you can’t see how many calluses there are on their palms, their scars and missing teeth , or their expectations for life when they drink bee wine at night. In this world that advocates efficiency and safety, does this skill of exchanging blood and tears for honey still have meaning? There may be no answer. Long videos are not easy to make. If you still like this issue, please subscribe, like, and forward our next video. It will be more exciting!
🟡本期简介🟡
蜂蜜，作为现代社会最常见的天然食品之一，被大众熟知，然而在遥远的尼泊尔，存在着一种专供皇室食用，甚至只流动在黑市的“疯蜜”，价值甚至超过3500美元一公斤；明明是一条发家致富的道路，为什么尼泊尔这个村庄还是那么落后？产自悬崖上的“疯蜜”是否真的物有所值？本期视频将带您解开神秘“疯蜜”的面纱，看看这个村庄又是如何传承至今🐝 🍯
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