De Kyoto à Cusco : Soleil, Empire, Mémoire 🏯☀️ | Trésors du Patrimoine
The sun, an unchanging witness to the rise
and fall of civilizations. Men attributed to him
cosmic powers capable of making and unmaking empires. Come in, madam. You will tell everything again today. A powerful symbol, it occupies
an important place in every culture. Together, we will follow its journey from
east to west of Japan, from the samurai to Peru, from the Incas
through Spain, from the conquistadors. Making culture a great journey
is one of the ambitions of this new episode of the Grand Tour. So the story begins here,
in Japan, the land of the rising sun. We are in Kyoto,
the mythical imperial city. This ancient city is
a true treasure in itself. With its 2000 temples,
Kyoto reminds us that it is steeped in the worship of nature and ancestors. Aye yo yo. Today, Kyoto is buzzing with excitement. She attends the Gion Matsuri,
the most important festival in Japan. It is a child, a symbol of purity,
who kicks off the ceremony. The Gong Matsuri. This is a
major event here in Japan. A month of festivities
and a culminating point. Today
is the day of the parade. It is a tradition that has endured
for eleven centuries. The origin is religious. The country needed to be purified of all
diseases, and especially of the plague which was ravaging Japan at the time. Then the monks paraded through the streets of
Kyoto to implore the mercy of the gods. And you can see it.
Eleven centuries later. And yet the fervor is still there. There are still just as many people. For nearly 5 hours,
the parade will wind through the streets of the Gion district,
one of the oldest districts of Kyoto, pulled by hand
by human chains. These richly decorated floats can
measure six meters high and carry about sixty people on board. For the Japanese, participating
in these ceremonies is an honor. It is also an opportunity to pass on the ancestral soul of the country to younger generations. And making these wooden monsters spin
is a real challenge. The Japanese use bamboo poles for this purpose,
which they water to make the wheels rotate. Just a few dozen
meters from the festivities. A completely different
atmosphere awaits us. Gion is also
the geisha district. These women of infinite refinement are
the living memory of classical Japan. It is in an okiya,
a geisha training school, that we have an appointment in Burundi. It is said if there is hi hi! Oh ! Ha ha ha !
Ah! Fukunaga is sixteen years old. She is a geisha apprentice,
that is to say, a Maiko. She has been in training for six months. And it is decided that Sakura will be Shinobu.
I can’t get. No Maiko Santo Gecko are. Maiko and geckos must know how to
dance because they are often invited to parties or banquets. It’s part of their job. She absolutely must know how to dance. Upon his return to Cotonou. Oh, my sweet health! How healthy!
Oh ! I say I cannot talk ikimasu!
Heh heh! We might as well leave the museum. Well,
in fact, you should always make the best movements,
so that your fingers are well joined. One must be elegant with one’s
hands as well as with one’s gaze. You have to bend your knees
and pay attention to everything. That’s what’s difficult. Always bend your knees. Your.
Ta ta ta. The unique shunkan tomato. Teka, the disgusting Mother Christmas. Conscious of Amandine Masta. They told me on MSN. But the hardest part is adapting your gaze
to the music. Dance, the body, the gaze. Everything must be homogeneous,
everything must be together. Okiya are entirely
run by women. Their residents are all
single and if one of them wishes to get married,
she must leave the establishment. The first geishas appeared in the 17th century in Edo, present-day
Tokyo. At the time, many of them were
sold as young as three years old by poor families. Geisha schools were
then responsible for their education. Today, you must be at least fifteen years
old and apply to join the school. The training lasts five years. The program includes music, dance, singing,
but also calligraphy, poetry, the art of conversation and the tea ceremony. There are fewer than one zero zero
zero geishas left across the country. Their presence is always
sought after by an affluent clientele. Tonight, Fukunaga has an
important appointment, a reception at which she is scheduled to perform. Exceptionally. She agrees to the presence of our camera
for the intimate moment of makeup. But I have a question. What if I do my makeup like this to make
my neck look longer than it actually is? In Japan, the concept of beauty has always
been associated with white skin. White is synonymous
with well-being and purity. How to begin? Red is used to make the eyes appear
brighter, sharper, and also to make you look more innocent, purer. In the first year, you
only put lipstick on your lower lip. That’s the rule. And only in the second year are we
allowed to put it on our upper lip. Although a woman runs the
geisha training school, a man is in charge
of the dressing ritual. At worst, it is.
To tie the belt. A significant force is needed. That’s why it has to
be a man who does it. Only a man can achieve this.
Of course. It took me more than four years
to learn karate. After classes. It looks better when it’s
tight and not loose. And there’s a kimono every month. And this is the kimono of the month of May. In physiotherapy.
In physiotherapy. It might not be obvious,
but it’s very tight. It’s a little too tight. I’m having trouble breathing, I’m a little suffocated. It had been my dream since I was
fourteen to be dressed like this. And today, it is coming true. Alright.
Not without me. It’s time for Fukunaga
to go to his appointment. Only the school director knows
where this apprentice geisha is going tonight. Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site
, Kyoto is not only a city that takes care of its past,
it also reflects Japanese modernity. Kyoto Station is a true
architectural curiosity. What is striking here
is the persistence of ancestral rites in a futuristic urban environment. We are just a stone’s throw from the
geisha district and look at this train station with its bold architecture. Well, that’s Japan for you:
tradition and modernity coexisting quite naturally. General. The Shinkansen is the
fastest and most famous train in Japan. He is known for his punctuality. In 3 hours, I will be in Tokyo. Tokyo, literally the capital of the East. The city’s urban planning is the synthesis
between contemporary design and the heritage of the past. Here, space is a crucial issue. The lack of space is such that the tops
of skyscrapers often house sports fields. Mechanics. With its 38 million inhabitants,
Tokyo is one of the most populated urban areas in the world. Harajuku is one
of the city’s more eccentric neighborhoods. A showcase of fashion and creativity. Young Japanese people gather there in the late
afternoon, around 12 pm, and are distinguished by their clothing style. This is where Julie Dreyfuss
arranged to meet me. Julie Dreyfuss, a
French actress, lives in Japan. She is known in the West for her role
as Sophie Fatale, one of the professional killers
in Quentin Tarantino’s film Kill Bill. Julie,
you have been living part of your life here in Japan for about twenty years. What is your view
of this society? I love the Japanese.
They are full of qualities. For example, these are people who are
creative and very good at living life, which is not something
that is necessarily known. These are people who have a
very pronounced sense of belonging to the group. That’s a commonplace. But I think that because of this,
they have a work ethic, they take their work very seriously,
which allows them to be very conscientious and to
value every job. There is no such thing as a bad job,
there are no small jobs. We are part of a machine. Every person is important. You can feel an energy, a side,
I would say positive, that you see life rather on the bright side, the glass half full
rather than half empty, as in some countries. Yes, yes, they are very positive people
who manage to focus on the good things in life,
the little pleasures. They are very fond
of little details like that. The cherry trees are in bloom. This is what allows them to
sometimes face great collective misfortunes. Probably in part. Then a great pragmatism and
a concept of their place in the universe which makes them accept that nature
is very powerful. There are roughly 130 million
Japanese people in a territory half the size of France. Don’t you sometimes feel
a little cramped or oppressed? It’s very intense.
It’s very, very intense. So to escape, I often go
nearby to the Meiji Shrine; if you’d like, I’d be
happy to take you there. This park takes us away. Julie Dreyfus is
one of Tokyo’s green lungs. It is home to one of the most famous
Shinto shrines, the Meiji-jingu temple. Julie, this park is a… It’s more than just a public garden. It is a place of spirituality. It’s a Shinto shrine. Moreover, you can see the barrels
of sake, the rice wine, which are given as an offering to the temple every year. This is an exceptional place,
a haven of peace, a magnificent place. The gravel we walk on
contributes precisely to this serenity. Yes, traditionally,
one had to cleanse oneself in a river before entering a temple. So now, the gravel
symbolizes the riverbed and… And the sound of footsteps on gravel
allows you to purify your body and soul. Julie: At the entrance of every Shinto shrine,
there is this type of gate. Yes, it’s called a torii gate. This one is exceptional because it
is twelve meters high. It is the tallest wooden torii gate in Japan. And you see, there, are two
cypress trunks that are truly magnificent. So, before entering
the sanctuary itself. Tradition dictates that one
bows out of respect. Also at the exit. And then, when we walk
on the sides of the path to avoid treading on the path
used by the gods. But not everyone knows that.
And the central aisle? Yes, that’s it. Another ritual before entering
the sacred precinct. This is the ritual of purification.
Yes. To be truly
pure in body and heart. So we start with the hands. Then the mouth. We rinse.
Actually, the hand again. And then the handle of the container. So. And now we can
enter the temple. Now we have
arrived at the closest thing to the sacred. This is the place of prayer. Yes, for those who want to
make wishes, this is the place to stand. First, an offering. Then we show respect
twice by bowing twice. We attract the attention of the gods. And once again, a sign of respect. The divine is very present
in the daily lives of the Japanese. Yes, still quite naturally.
Yes. Although Shinto is the ancestral religion
of the archipelago, the Japanese do not necessarily practice a single religion
as in the time of the samurai. The Japanese soul is inhabited
by Shinto, Buddhist, and Confucian philosophies. Syncretism allows each believer
to draw from it according to their own sensibilities. It is in the studios of NHK,
at Japanese public television, that I meet
Julie Dreyfuss the next morning. In their dressing room, the actors are preparing
to shoot a new episode of a cult series that began exactly 48 years ago
. This is Maguy. They do their own makeup. And the series tells
the story of the samurai. The adventures of these
legendary warriors are broadcast every Sunday. The Japanese love it and its
audience success has been consistent for half a century. We eat there. He is the hero of the series,
a samurai who became a priest, hence the shaved head and very,
very, very beautiful costume. Are you going?
Ouch, ouch, ouch, ouch! You are. Okay guys, that’s it,
I’m now a mega Tibetan chocolate lover. In my living room. Yo Moulineaux! With confidence. Ouch, ouch, ouch! If this series is breaking
longevity records, it is because the history of the samurai
is intimately linked to that of Japan. To know it is to possess the keys
to understanding modern Japan. Aaaaahhhhhhhhhh. Mount Fuji, the mystical heart of Japan. It is here, at its feet,
that in the 12th century the great epic of the Japanese warriors, the Bushi,
who would become over time the samurai, was born. To tell the story of the birth
of this medieval Japan. We are going to Nara, the
cradle of Japanese civilization. Nara was once
a magnificent imperial capital. Many of its monuments are
listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Among them is the Todaiji Buddhist temple. It dates from the 8th century. This monumental building is the
largest wooden structure in the world. It houses a huge Buddha statue. Sixteen meters high,
437 tons of bronze. It’s absolutely impressive. This Buddha was erected at the same time
as the temple by Emperor Shomu, who hoped to put an end to a great
smallpox epidemic that was ravaging all of Japan at the time. Look closely at the pupils,
they are painted. They were painted by Emperor
Shomu himself, who thus symbolically wished to
breathe life into this Buddha. And. This temple, as you can see,
still plays an important role in the spiritual life of the Japanese,
but above all it played a decisive role in the rise
of the first shogun Minamoto. Minamoto no Yoritomo, head of one
of the most important clans in Japan. At the end of the 12th century,
following a power struggle, the emperor was relegated to
honorary and religious functions. Minamoto no Yoritomo becomes the shogun,
the political leader of Japan. He established a dictatorship and a
feudal system that would last for nearly 700 years. This marks the beginning of the reign of the Bushi,
then of the warrior samurai in the service of the shogun. Before wielding the sword, samurai
were first and foremost mounted archers. This is the great era of the bushi. Fierce sections,
warriors, bushi and samurai. We dominated the archipelago and shaped
its history until the 20th century. Even today, he remains
the iconic figure of Japan. Here in this dojo,
we perpetuate the art of the samurai, kendo, that is to say the way of the sword. Every year, the best
fighters in the country gather there. Hiroshi Yano is 71 years old. He started kendo at the age of thirteen
and has been teaching it for almost 50 years. In the past, it was a fight with real
swords, a fight to the life and death to kill the other kendo practitioner. But today,
it’s not the same at all. We must keep it alive. This art has evolved.
From the sword that kills, to the sword that gives life. And learning the technique must
lead to the development of the human being. Like most Japanese martial arts
, kendo was invented by samurai in peacetime
to continue training away from battles. Mastering the sword then becomes
a discipline of body and mind. LEFT ? Or right? Has nothing to do with it. See. When I do kendo, I do it
seriously, as if I were risking my life. The more you practice kendo,
the more you realize its depth. I’m unaware of this debate on this. That he. You really have to practice this art
to master it. But I know that.
This is my life’s work. In this world of ruthless warriors,
only a few women distinguished themselves. Tomoe Gozen was the most famous. Legend has it that out of love,
she followed her lover onto the battlefields, displaying
immense courage during the fighting. Since then considered a true
samurai, Tomoe has become a recurring character in Noh theatre. Traditional Japanese theatre. A play commemorates his exploits. Who are we? Oshima is one of the only women
to play the role of Tomoe. But. Attention !
Now I’m going to tighten his ring. There are the Linagora dioceses, among others. Personally, I feel close to her. If we co-create more. Closer than other
female characters in the theatre, no. How. Because even though she was a woman,
she was first and foremost a warrior. No.
Candidate for. Putting on the
Tomoe costume took 3 hours. The final step before
going on stage is the mask. No, but we can see it. When you put on a mask,
your field of vision becomes very narrow. We don’t see
what we usually see. So the actor has the impression of being
locked in a dark place while… Indiana Howard. Unlike what happens
in other forms of theatre, our actors cannot convey
intention or express feelings and emotions, as
Western actors would, for example. Noh theatre originated
around the 14th century. It is a very closed,
demanding, codified art. He didn’t laugh because he
was being interpreted. Today, only five families
continue to practice it in Japan. To fulfill it better, reduce my Kino quota and that there are still the Reply Magnin holding the crown of England. That’s fine with me. Take your time, take your time. And. Nightsky pipes. All of this requires a
lot of concentration. It is this concentration that is very
important and we better understand why this art developed thanks to the samurai. Hhhhhhhhhhhh. Returning to Tokyo in the
footsteps of a samurai. Accounts reveal that when going
into battle, samurai attached great importance to their appearance. Today,
their armor is considered to be true works of art. The very beautiful suits of armor
can obviously be found in museums, but also at some
very specialized antique dealers. I’ve spotted three that are
particularly beautiful. There you have it, these are 18th century suits of armor
, magnificent ceremonial suits of armor. The helmet is very, very beautiful. The helmet is a very
personal item for the samurai. He places symbols there that are
useful to him, important for him, psychologically, for him. He wanted to put up a
Buddhist symbol, probably to signify that he was protected by heaven. And then the mask, the mask that protects
the face, but has a function, I would say, of frightening its enemies. In Japan, there is
an anecdote about a samurai who thought he was invincible and who,
as soon as he appeared on the battlefield with his helmet and armor,
made his enemies flee without him having to fight. And then one day, he changed
his mask and he was killed. This just goes to show that appearances are often
deceiving, but sometimes useful. The samurai is a fighter
entirely focused on the offensive. One of the only people in
human history to fight without a shield. He is one with his sword. Along with his armor, the samurai
carried two or three swords. First of all, his combat sword, which is
a slightly larger sword, called a Katana. And then another sword, smaller,
which was usually given by a member of his family. A sword he never parted with. It was the sword of honor. He had a dagger within reach. The Tanto was a dagger which he
used of course in close combat, but also to take his own life. According to the Samurai code,
this ritual is called Seppuku, more commonly Hara-Kiri. So this dagger, this Tanto, dates from the 12th century and this saber dates from the 17th century. I will try to
handle it carefully. Mmmmhhhh.
So. And this sword requires a year of work. Throughout the 16th century,
Japan was ravaged by war and bloodshed. This is the golden age of the samurai. The majority of Japanese castles
were built at the end of this period. Of the twelve castles that remain
intact, Matsumoto is one of the best preserved. It has not experienced siege,
battle, or bombardment. He simply escaped the wars. Its black silhouette
earned it the nickname “Crow”. In normal times, the lord
lived outside the castle. He would only lock himself in there with his samurai
in case of imminent danger. Why is this place called
the Samurai Race? It is named that because samurai used to
run in armor when passing by here. We’re filming, we’re going to see. The Lord, upon entering
this room, would sit here. When the wheel had turned over. He was sitting like that. What if the enemies approached? He had to commit Hara-Kiri. Hara-kiri.
Oh ! Fortunately, Matsumoto Castle
was not surrounded by enemies, so no lord
had to take his own life here. We are in Ito, a 3-hour drive from Tokyo,
and I have an appointment with a very great Japanese artist. He is one of the greatest manga artists
in the world, that is to say, a Japanese comic book artist.
His name? Hiroshi Hirata. We are at his house. The undisputed master of Bushi
and samurai adventures, Hiroshi Hirata was the first manga artist
to be translated into French in 1969. Published worldwide,
he is now praised by historians for the
realism of his work. Hiroshi Hirata strives to convey
the values of Japan through his manga. Meeting Hiroshi Hirata at his home
is a true privilege. It is in his garden, for us,
that he improvises a drawing not of a samurai, but of a bushi. In his eyes, the bushi represents the
authentic spirit of the Japanese warrior. Hirata-san.
Would you have liked to be a samurai? No. No. I would not have liked to be a samurai,
because a samurai receives orders. But I don’t want to depend on anyone. I would have liked to be a bushi
because nobody gives orders to a bushi. Behind my back. A bushi is independent. What values do you
want to convey to younger generations through your manga? Bushido Kokoro. No Oni. Every young person should be able to express their
ideas without fear of them being acted upon. He took advantage of the fact that it was on the side. Samurai. Samurai do not move
unless given an order. Hugo who massaged. The bushi think for themselves. And young people today,
if they work in a company, are forced to obey. But also our mothers who work
and are happy to do so. Help us? But if young people have their own
ideas, they must tell their superiors without fear. That’s the spirit of the Bushi. And I hope that
young people will have this spirit. There he was born and he will die there. Yes, I agree that authority
has prevailed over all of that and it works. If it isn’t. The spirit of the bushi
is also one of tenderness. Bushido. And thinking of others. At least there’s morale. I would like young people to have
this spirit, to be useful to others. If everyone thought like that,
there would be no wars. That’s when a little girl has her kokoro. Domo arigato gozaimasu. Which means thank you, thank you. Yes. Okay. The absolute power of the samurai
will last seven centuries. It ends when Emperor Meiji
wants to take back power from the shogun. The country then split into two camps. It was here, at Osaka Castle,
that one of the most important battles between the supporters
of the two men took place. Among those who took up the cause
of the shogun was a French officer, Jules Brunet, the last samurai. Sent to Japan under Napoleon III
to modernize the Japanese army. Jules Brunet disobeyed
the orders of his superiors. He will fight to the
end alongside the shogun. His story would inspire Hollywood through
the hero of the film The Last Samurai, played by Tom Cruise. From these deadly battles,
it was Emperor Meiji who emerged victorious, signifying his victory. The Emperor had
all the shogun emblems on the facades of the castles replaced with the imperial symbol, the chrysanthemum. The wearing of swords is now
forbidden to samurai. It’s a huge trauma for them. The Emperor settled in Tokyo and made
the city the imperial capital. With him begins a new era,
that of modern Japan. Japan’s openness to the rest of the world
now seems obvious and natural. But that wasn’t always the case. For many centuries,
this country remained closed off from the world. It was only at the beginning of the 17th century
that the opening towards the West took place. The shogun of the time sent a
number of samurai as ambassadors to Europe, and among them was
one named Asakura, who settled in Madrid where we find him. Tsune and Naga Asakura is chosen
to establish relations between Japan and Europe. He then became the first
samurai ambassador. It was in Spain that his
actions would be most significant. After a four-year journey,
the samurai Asakura arrives in Spain. As is the tradition,
he is received by the king, here in Madrid. In his luggage,
a large number of gifts, the most precious of which is on display today
in the museum of the Royal Palace. As soon as Asakura arrived here in Madrid
in 1615, he went to offer the King of Spain this magnificent armor. It’s a samurai suit of armor. In fact, Asakura dreams of creating
special ties between Japan and Spain. He will even convert to Catholicism
and call himself Don Felipe Felipe like King Don Felipe
and Francisco Asakura. Unfortunately, at the same time,
in his country, all traces of Christianity were being erased,
which did not improve relations between Spain and Japan. Asakura arrives in Spain in the middle
of a very important period for that country. This is the golden age and the
emblematic figure of this period. This is King Philip II. Son of Charles V
and Isabel of Portugal. Philip II reigned
over Spain from 1556 to 1598. He became the master of an empire
that stretched across the world from Panama to the Philippine islands,
which bear their name in his honor. An empire on which the sun
never sets. Located 45 kilometers from Madrid,
the Escorial Palace remains the great architectural work
of the reign of Philip II. It consists of a palace,
a basilica, a monastery, a college, and a library. It is called the Parrilla of L’escorial. The grill of the Escorial,
in reference to the martyrdom of Saint Lawrence in the basilica, bears the name. Its architects built it by drawing inspiration
from Flemish and Italian schools. Its construction lasted 23 years,
a record time for the era. At the entrance to the church, there are
statues of David and Solomon, two kings meant to evoke
Charles V and Philip II. Philip II. He was a king who was both a
builder and a visionary. While he was building this palace
of L’escorial, this monastery, he planned a mausoleum to house
the remains first of his father Charles V, then of himself
later and of his entire dynasty. And for four and a half centuries,
all the rulers of Spain have rested here in a mausoleum
inside this basilica. The pantheon of kings is located precisely
below the choir of the basilica, at the foot of this marble staircase which we
will take in silence, out of respect for the place. From Charles V to Juan de Bourbon,
the father of the current King Juan Carlos. All the kings and queens of Spain
are here, with the exception of Philip V and Ferdinand VI. Amadeus I of Spain and Joseph Bonaparte. A devout religious man and art lover,
Philip II amassed over 7500
relics and no less than 43 hotels at the Escorial throughout his life. From the city. The king also founded a college
and a seminary for children, the Escolano. They were taught Latin
and received a musical education. Every day, at dawn and at
vespers, the young boys sang for the king. Let’s listen to the sign
at the film club photo session. In fact, the Escorial palace is
entirely dedicated to Philip II’s two passions: faith and culture. Here at L’escorial, there is a room
that you absolutely must discover. It’s a place that is both magical
and amazing; it’s the library. Come with me. Philip II had a
very complex personality. He supports the Inquisition and at the same
time, he will promote culture and the arts. And this library
is a perfect example of that. While in public squares
they burn forbidden books, well here he collects them,
like this Bible published and printed in Paris in 1540 and Prohibita. He will collect 1000 books like that, 1000
books forbidden here in a total collection of 40,000,000 books. In fact, Philip II wanted to make
this library equal to that of the Vatican. The frescoes on the ceiling
represent the arts and knowledge, and this also allows the books to be classified
by discipline. And then, a small detail on the college side
of L’escorial, on the Academy side, you have philosophy and on the other
side, on the monastery side, you have theology. And of course, the two are facing each other. Libraries
that arrange books in this way are rare. Look, that’s quite unexpected. All sections of the works
are presented facing the visitor. This has two virtues. The first is that gold
reflects light. And the second is that it
helps to combat humidity. One of Philip II’s major reforms
at the beginning of his reign was to transfer the court from Toledo to Madrid. He thus created the first
permanent capital of Spain. When the king made the Castilian city
his new capital, he forced Madrid’s landowners
to house members of his court. Disgruntled upper-class people
then camouflage certain rooms in their house, making them invisible from the outside. This is how the Casas
à Malicia came about, the houses of trickery to deceive the authorities
about the number of rooms available. With the establishment of the court in Madrid,
luxury goods and rare commodities began to flow in from all corners of the Empire. The Spanish then discovered
a new treasure: chocolate. Hello !
Chocolate Churros Favor! Introduced to Spain by the conquistador
Hernan Cortés, it spread throughout Europe.
They quickly made delicious drinks from them, prized by the court and then by the people of Gracia.
SO. Chocolate and. Cocoa beans were presented at
court during the reign of Philip II and Prince. Chocolate is quickly appreciated. It is spreading throughout Europe. In the case of France,
it achieved success thanks to the union between the Infanta of Spain,
Anne of Austria, and Louis XII. A curious anecdote. It is said that in the past chocolate was made
in France mixed with milk and in Spain it was made with water. That was the small difference between
French chocolate and Spanish chocolate. When
the famous churros were invented some time later, chocolate con churros became
a true institution in Madrid. One of the jewels of the
architectural effervescence of the Spanish golden age remains the Palace of Aranjuez. Philip II was able to satisfy this. Another of his passions is gardening. A magical setting for an
exceptional moment with one of the greatest French classical guitarists,
Emmanuel Rossfelder. Emmanuel, listen to the musical theme
of the Concerto D’aranjuez here in the magnificent garden of Aranjuez. It’s a pure delight.
Gorgeous ! The golden age is a
very important period for the guitar. The golden age is a very
important period insofar as the baroque guitar, used for accompaniment,
became the baroque solo guitar. She will leave the royal palaces
to go down into the street and people will write for her. We’re going to write for her, we will. We’re going to abandon this kind of
repetitive, catchy tune, accompaniment aspect a little bit. Here’s something a little bit
like that, simplistic in quotes, to turn towards a guitar that we’re going to
listen to more attentively, a rather solo guitar. And one of the first pieces. So one of the very first pieces,
we can say that it is Gaspard without the Spanish,
the great Spanish composer who imagined this theme of Canario which we call
and who made the guitar a polyphonic instrument
where the melody and the accompaniment were mixed together.
An example? Here’s an example.
Here we go. Emmanuel in the Golden Age.
The seven-piece guitar has this shape. No. The guitar in the golden age was smaller,
it only had five strings and it sounded much less loud than this one.
Naturally. Because, well, there wasn’t
this work with nails yet. There was not yet this
more elaborate rope material. It was guts. So it was a rope that was
still limited in terms of projection. Thank you for this moment and thank you Emmanuel
for this little history lesson on the guitar.
Thank you so much. During the golden age, the guitar was
not the only art to develop. While enduring the harshness
of the Inquisition, the people tried to entertain themselves. To achieve this, the
inner courtyards of houses were transformed into performance spaces called Comedia choirs. This one is classified as a national monument. It is located in Almagro. It has been hosting actors
since the 17th century. At the time, it was the only place where
all social classes met. But in the golden age,
mixing has its limits. Men and women must
keep their distance. This is where the men sat,
because it was forbidden for men and women to mix. The women occupy the cazuela. This is the balcony. It’s called the saucepan. Because imagine all those women
huddled together with their skirts. They literally had to cook. Hence its name, la cazuela de la Mujeres,
meaning the women’s pot. We leave Almagro and its
corrales de comedia for Madrid. Under the impetus of Philip II,
Madrid quickly became a city where artists flourished. It is at the San Miguel market,
in the historic heart of the city, that I have a meeting with
the famous singer Luz Casal. She is the one who performs the
iconic song from Pedro Almodovar’s film High Heels. What ? Suffering? I would have. GOOD. Love. But that’s life. Is not. Not.
Nothing. Nothing. Thank you, Cindy. Manu Cazals. You have always told me that you are
passionate about this Spanish golden age. Has the status of women
evolved during this century? In fact, shortly before. Is this the woman at home
or in the monastery? Yes.
It was either one or the other. Yes. And little by little, the Church changed. The great writer Calderon de la Barca said, “Man is the small number and woman is of this sky.” The man is handsome. It’s a small world, and the woman
is a small sky. This sums up the golden age for women. Is there any trace
in literature, specifically, of the position and the hope
of hope when women… Were they carrying fervent phrases? It’s written and it’s beautiful.
Yes. Gladly.
Gladly. We can read it. It is an allegation of the shepherdess Marcela de Conosco that todos los hermoso Amable majorquin que for reason of ser Amado
esta obligado lo que amado por hermoso amara climat el verdadero amor aa left voluntarios uno Fortaleza. This is the first piece of writing I read
from that era. Where the woman asserts her rights.
Independence. How can I put it?
What are you saying? I am a woman with freedom. And just because you love me doesn’t mean
I love you. Yes, yes, yes, yes, yes.
That’s how it is. Did Spanish artists
draw inspiration from this golden age? How does it get lost?
No. Especially in the theatre. This is very important to us. Calderon de la Barca, Lope de Vega,
Tirso de Molina. They are still played today.
These writers. Yes. Normally, yes. But during the Golden Age,
a singer like you would not have been able to express herself. No, no, no.
It’s not. That’s impossible! No, no, no, no. I don’t know any women who sing. No women currently write music
for women. I can do all the things
I think of, and with complete freedom. That’s it completely.
The Other Woman. So you couldn’t have lived
in the Golden Age? No, no, no. It’s not for me. I love history. The history of Spain
is very, very important to me. But I can’t imagine living like that. Gracia did it.
It lasted. THANKS. There is a place in Madrid where
many intellectuals still gather. This has been Herron’s café
since its founding 125 years ago. He participates in
Madrid’s cultural life. Painters, writers,
filmmakers, actors, poets. They all stopped
at that cafe one day. Libro pagina. Mysterious, unfathomable. Jose Barcenas has worked there for 38 years. The Girone café,
since its foundation, has always favoured poetry thanks to poets,
but also to the Muses. Without a muse, there is no poet. Muchacho.
Support Albino Calvino and la Muerte. Alfredo. Continua. Elvira Pescador. Diano.
Timescape. Mar Tango ya tout sombra. Presa dentro de thoughtmiento por eso siano makea maldito mar. What will tell me if nada de loco solo como consuegra boy to the farm to you Pismo! It seems that Janos pueda librar nunca damit matériel kuna piedra tpc sobre tout fondo comme la rabia me
pesa de nos pour les porcs. ESTA mi boca chica draga mare todos entero quiero ver. If you like Pena. This is going to be a disaster. Among the portraits of personalities
that hang on the wall, Jose Barcenas is proud to show us a caricature
of the most famous Spanish writer, Cervantes. Go up, go up, go up, go up, go up. At the end of the 19th and throughout the 20th
century, artists who came here would ask for either a drink
or a gift from Escribir. The waiter was to bring paper
and a pen to the customer to write on. This is what we see in this
caricature of Cervantes. A waiter brings him his recado
so that he can write his immortal work. The Don Quixote of La Mancha. Don Quixote and Sancho Panza
at the feet of their creator Cervantes. This is probably the most photographed sculpture in Madrid
, as the character is so universal. He is, in fact, a character who is
proudly claimed by the Spanish. We are at Place d’Espagne. Born in 1547, an
emblematic figure of Spanish literature, Miguel de Cervantes
initially led a turbulent life as a soldier. He lost the use of his left hand
at the Battle of Lepanto, which earned him the nickname “the one-handed man of Lepanto”. His major work is Don Quixote. To evoke Don Quixote. Head to Casa de Velazquez. This French institution of the Academy
of Fine Arts hosts the School of Advanced
Hispanic and Iberian Studies in Madrid. There we meet Xavier Baudoin,
the school’s artistic director, a passionate fan of Don Quixote. Don Quixote is a literary myth. After the Bible, it is probably
the most edited, published and translated book. This is the story of a crazy reader. So Don Quixote is a hidalgo,
a minor nobleman who, by dint of… Reading books about chivalry
eventually leads to losing one’s mind. And with a neighbor named
Sancho Panza, they set off for a region of Spain
called La Mancha, the English Channel. It is a completely continental region
in the center of Spain, which is a high plateau which is desert-like
and which is a territory which is the opposite of chivalric romances. Because Don Quixote is also
a parody of chivalric romances, and chivalric romances
are verdant forests. And La Mancha is
a dry, arid territory. And it is in this territory
that Don Quixote will have his adventures. We arrive in Trujillo,
200 kilometers south of Madrid. Cervantes stayed there
on several occasions. Drink a beer at the cafe, drink a beer. It is here, in this cloister,
that I have a meeting with one of the greatest opera singers. He interprets
the death of Don Quixote for us. Ruggiero, Raimondi. Don’t cry, Sancho. Don’t cry, my handsome one. Your master is not dead. He’s not far from you. He lives on a happy island where everything is pure and without lies. In bed a little too much. Or will you come to Desired Island one day? Oh my friend Sadio, the delivery man burned down and there were no ashes. If all books kill me. It only takes a little something for me to live as a ghost in the unreal Life of love. Such is the strange fate of poor Don Quixote. For everything. To tell you, Ruggiero Raimondi. We have just heard the death
of Don Quixote by Jacques Ibert. Gorgeous.
THANKS. How would you define the
character of Don Quixote? Sometimes I feel like I
know him very well. That’s to say ? I too am a dreamer. I am a man who, when it comes to poetry, can have very, very sensitive reactions. The only thing I miss
is madness and fantasy, joy, the power of madness. This Don Quixote is a man who plays with life to give it a force of expression, to live. He knows that he is living in the moment, that he is
going against the giants, against the sheep. He is a man who refuses to see
reality as it is. Yes.
He invents his own. World.
He invents the poetic man. It is man who is
out of touch with reality. It is the adult who looks at
the world with the eyes of a child. Yes, maybe so. He is a character who wants to play
the knight, wants to play the great lord. I also want to play the savior of girls
who have a problem, to save people who are oppressed. He is a kind-hearted character
who wants to save the earth. It is characters like these who
show us how the world as it is is not entirely satisfactory. Quite .
If we think about life, about nature. When we try to do what we would like,
we always find that we are trapped in a circle because
the rules of this world are too narrow for us. For people who have a dream,
who have the desire to go out, to do something beautiful, joyful. We need a bit
more Don Quixote. Today, I believe. Yes, that would be good. So yes, we are here in a palace
in Trujillo which is a cloister. Today, when you were singing
earlier, there were some sisters who were watching you extremely discreetly. Cervantes sometimes stayed here.
Laughing so much. It is also the homeland of our great
Spaniard, the conquistador Francisco Pizarro.
Yes yes. So, it was he who would lead
Spain in the conquest of Latin America, and particularly Peru. And that’s the story
I’m going to tell you. We will follow this character,
who is also extraordinary. And of course, it is in the main square
of Trujillo that you will find the statue of the conquistador. On that note, a little anecdote. The original model for this sculpture is
located in the United States, in the state of New York in Buffalo. Exactly why Buffalo, when
Pizarro never went to the United States? Well, simply
because the sculptor is American. His name is Charles Rumsey. He sculpted this sculpture
of Pizarro for him, and it was only after his death that his widow offered a model of it
to the city of Trujillo and later to the city of Lima. Come with me, I’ll
show you something else. So, before leaving for Peru,
I would like to show you a detail of this palace. This is the Palace of the Conquest and it
belonged to Pizarro’s family, although Pizarro himself
never lived there. But it appears. Look closely at the carving on the facade near
this balcony, and below it you will discover his wife Inès. She is an Inca princess. So why did Pizarro set out
to conquer Peru? Quite simply because he
is searching for Eldorado. So we go with him
and meet up in Lima. Born in Trujillo in 1478. Son of a navigator and a prostitute,
Francisco Pizarro is one of the most famous conquistadors in history. Accompanied by his three brothers,
he set sail for Peru where he would succeed in subduing the largest
pre-Columbian empire in South America, the Inca empire. When he set sail for Peru, Pizarro,
like many conquistadors, dreamed of making his fortune. These hopes of riches are fueled
by the stories he has heard about Eldorado and the cities
of gold in Latin America. One of these legends has its origins
in the heart of the Andes mountain range. It is said that for his coronation,
the chief of an Indian people goes on a full moon night to the shores
of a lake accompanied by his tribe. It is then completely
covered in gold powder. Thus adorned, it becomes Eldorado,
that is to say, the golden one. He boards a raft loaded
with gifts and glides across the waters to the center of the lagoon. There, he honors the gods by throwing
his offerings into the sacred waters. At sunrise,
man welcomes the star of light and offers himself entirely to the Sun god
by immersing his body in the lake. The gold with which they were covered
then spread across the surface of the lake. Upon his return to the riverbank,
his subjects prostrated themselves and proclaimed him the new prince. This story is one
interpretation of the myth of Eldorado. Although we still don’t know all
the details, we now know the location that inspired this legend. It’s a lake in Colombia, lost
in the middle of the mountains. But Francisco Pizarro did not know this,
and his quest for Eldorado would ultimately lead him to Peru. Francisco Pizarro founded
Lima in January 1535. He named it Ciudad de los Reyes
in reference to the Three Wise Men and gave it the status of capital. Built during this period,
the Lima Cathedral is one of the finest examples of
colonial Baroque architecture in all of America. This
cathedral in Lima is truly beautiful, especially its wooden pillars, which are made
for seismic reasons. It must be said that the earth
often trembles here. And then there are these chapels
that adorn this cathedral. A fortnight with a magnificent jewel,
the Virgin of Evangelization. It is a Virgin Mary statue that was given
by Charles V and is part of the world heritage of humanity. But there is one chapel that
interests us more particularly, that of Pizarro. This is the chapel. It is entirely made of ceramic
and dedicated to Pizarro, who can be seen here. Arriving in Peru in 1532,
he was barely 54 years old and this was the beginning of his story here, in this country. A few meters from this fresco is
his tomb, since nine years later he would be assassinated not far from this
cathedral, in the governor’s palace. So this mosaic
is very interesting for us because it shows Pizarro with
all of his men. They have made a long journey and he is
telling them, “Those who stay with me here will become rich.” And those who want to leave again,
well, they will leave again towards poverty. Hence these crewmen
who are depicted here completely naked. And it’s interesting because
it shows us Pizarro in his armor. And this armor will
play a very important role during the first contact with the Inca people. Indeed, at that moment,
a ray of sunlight will reflect in this armor and you know
that the Inca people worship the Sun God and will give the impression
that this character is of divine essence. And from that moment on,
many, many everyday objects
made of gold will be placed at his feet, and this will nourish in
Pizarro’s mind the idea that he has indeed set foot on the land of Eldorado. The reality will be much more complex. We are visiting the Huaca
della Luna site, a Moche temple located in northern Peru. The Mochica civilization
predates the Inca period. When the conquistadors arrive at this
place of worship, they believe they will find part of the long-awaited treasure. Disappointment. The objects discovered are not made
of solid gold but of gilded copper. That fooled the Spanish. Obviously, they were disappointed because they
realized that the gold was of low purity,
meaning that it was not of high quality, like 18 or 20 carat gold. Carol Paraiso is one of the
world’s top three specialists in Andean archaeometallurgy. With her, we discover the
precious objects that were not melted down by the conquistadors. We are accompanying him
to the Larco Museum in Lima. This museum houses works of art from all
pre-Columbian civilizations. Gold and silver had
symbolic value for the Indians. Gold and silver are
the ultimate metals. As in many ancient societies,
they are to be linked to the stars, the sun and the moon. Gold shines like the sun,
silver shines like the moon. Gold evokes the sweat of the sun. Money is more reminiscent of
the tears of the moon. These two metals are extremely
complementary and they also reflect the concept of duality which is deeply
rooted in the Andean worldview. The consequence of looting these
gold and silver objects was far more important than the simple economic value
of losing gold or silver, but much more the loss,
the elimination of an identity, the identity of the group, and
also symbols of power. Here we are faced with an adornment
which represents par excellence the power of rulers and therefore ultimately,
by removing these objects, we lose an identity,
we lose know-how, we lose a tradition, we lose a soul,
a cultural identity. There is one place that Francisco Pizarro
and his men will never enter, and that is Machu Picchu,
one of the great wonders of the world. In the heart of the Andes, this mythical place
has not yet revealed all its secrets. The disappearance of the Incas
who inhabited it remains a mystery. Exodus, civil wars, epidemics,
all hypotheses remain open. The conquistadors would
never know the location. It was only four centuries after
the conquest of Peru that a certain Hiram Bingham discovered it. Explorer and specialist in
Latin America, Hiram Bingham is passionate about the question of the Inca’s last refuge. In 1911, during an exploration mission,
he discovered the city of Machu Picchu. Hiram Bingham, the intellectual with
the ever-present hat who became an instructor during the First World War, is said
to have served as a model for the character of Indiana Jones,
immortalized by Harrison Ford. It is 6 a.m. The sun has not yet
risen over Machu Picchu. A very special event is being prepared. It only takes place once a year,
on June 21, the day of the winter solstice in the southern hemisphere. The sun will cast its first
rays upon the altar of the Temple of the Sun through this window. Many people came this morning
to greet this apparition. Face faced because. The pastor. This is the moment for the planet to
honor yourself. Oh ! This magical moment was
pivotal in the lives of the Incas. The timing of the winter solstice
allowed them to know precisely the date of sowing and harvesting. At the summit of Machu Picchu is located
L’intihuatana, where the sun sets. It is both a
solar calendar and an object of worship. The Incas celebrated rites there
so that the sun would return every year. This is a rocky outcrop which was
used to carve this stone which serves as a fixed element for making
astronomical observations of elementals. Through observation. Each time the observer stands here
and the sun appears at the top of the stone, it marks
the end of a solar cycle. A solar cycle. It’s an observation like this, it’s
going to be a big celebration. Once the observations are made,
grand ceremonies for the new year begin. It’s a way of celebrating the return
of the sun, which suggests a great harvest. When the sun is clearly visible,
it means there will be no clouds, no problems during
the new year. June 21st was marked for the Incas as
the first day of the new year. Even today,
we savor the privilege of the moment. The sun was so important
that it dictated, and not only energy, but also the possibilities of life. And to reach this level
of knowledge, our ancestors had to develop
so many things to understand how our planet works. What you see around us
is the result of ancient science. So our ancestors were
really good at that. The Incas built Machu Picchu. Around 1450, they built it right in the
middle of the mountains which, for them, were deities. They take care to orient each of these
buildings towards the east, where the sun god rises. Sacred city, imperial residence. It was also an agricultural site. From the summit to the bottom of the valley,
vast terraces have been laid out. They helped to feed the city. To fertilize Pachamama,
Mother Earth. They knew how to channel and tame the water. Upstream of the. Necessariamente.
When we talk about the Incas. He. We need to talk about their
hydraulic ingenuity. It is believed that they were much more
advanced in this area than the Old Continent. He had a great deal of
hydraulic knowledge for the time. Here, you can see how the
underground channels lead to this fountain.
And they continue on their way to
the river below. Their earthwork system
also allowed the Incas to exploit salt. The Maras salt mines,
nestled in the hollow of a valley, are still worked
by the inhabitants of the region. Salt water,
from a volcanic source, flows down by gravity into 4000 basins
where the salt is collected by evaporation. For the Incas, this salt was
as valuable as gold. It was used as currency
for exchange and as an offering. It also allowed for
the preservation of food. The Incas had also invented
another preservation method that allowed potatoes to be kept for
several years. Chuno is obtained through dehydration. The potatoes are exposed to frost and
then to the sun and are crushed directly on the ground. We observe. A decrease. To accommodate everyone’s tastes. Also. by accessing what we have in our homes. Because everyone has their own errands, of course.
Each. With our cooking. Thank you for our 40 years. And who do not see. There is no reason why they don’t exist. They are ruined.
How are you. GOOD. THANKS. When the Spanish landed in Peru,
the Inca capital was Cuzco. Cusco, 3400 meters above sea level. With the arrival of the Spanish,
the city will be greatly transformed. At the time, it represented
a true political symbol. Its conquest will allow the conquistadors
to establish their domination over the country. Cuzco was the center of Inca society,
the navel of the Empire. This is where the central power was located
, the officials, but also the emperor, the Inca. Moreover, in this regard,
it is wrong to say the Inca people, we should say the Quechua people since
the term Inca was reserved for the emperor and the ruling class. So Cuzco was entirely
built with this type of stone. Here we see a base
that is from that period. Look at how these stones are chiseled
so that they can fit together. No cement, no mortar. It is the weight of each of them,
which can amount to tens of tons, that holds the whole thing together. It’s absolutely impressive. Kisses. Renata. Today, Cuzco celebrates
L’inti Raymi, the festival of the sun. This festival of L’inti Raymi was banned
in the 16th century by the Spanish. It resurfaced in 1944 and since then
it has been celebrated every year by Peruvians with a certain fervor. So of course, there are
some tourists, quite a few even. But in fact, this festival has the virtue,
beyond folklore, of allowing this people to rediscover
its roots and forge an identity. Because Miruna cunanan Castaneda,
because she does not intend to settle down. At Scoopit, this is something that doesn’t fit. Lady Ramit’s party always begins
here, on the very spot where the Temple of the Sun once stood. It was the religious heart of Cuzco. It was such a powerful symbol
that it impressed the Spanish. They had it razed to build. Do you see the
Santo Domingo convent? Then the Inca
made his appearance. He greets his court, he greets his people,
he greets his close guard and the festivities can begin. The parade will begin
in the streets of Cuzco. We embark, we engage the clutch.
Ba-bam. We’ll tell you everything. Let’s go back. Come on ! Come on ! And so, this is where,
at the Sacsayhuaman temple, this festival of the sun comes to an end,
a little under the clouds. But it should be noted that we
are at an altitude of 3500 meters. It is a temple that completely dominates the landscape. You see it, the city of Cuzco. This temple was a fortress which was
also the scene of an extremely deadly battle
between the Spanish and the Incas. Simply because this
fortress was a real stronghold. The lock that led to the city of Cuzco
and especially the lock that led to the Inca, that is to say, to the emperor. Anthony, who sees his friend Cosmico, who is transgenic, and me, he smiles at you. He has a good eye. To be aware of the slightest actions
and gestures of the different populations of his empire,
the Inca relied on an incredible road network of 25,000,000 kilometers of stone roads that converged
on the capital Cuzco. These paths were traversed,
among others, by the Chaskis, messengers, true
high-altitude marathon runners. By taking turns, they could cover
2000 kilometers in a week. To get from one valley to another,
they used a bridge made of grass woven into rope. There is a high dose. Every year,
the villagers of Quechua Shaka gather to completely rebuild
the last bridge inherited from the Incas. That’s my business. I hurt myself like that,
my little sir. It’s really very difficult. We pull like crazy,
it hurts our hands a lot, but that’s how we’ve been
working for so many years. Thank you so much !
Oh ! There ! There ! Ever since I was little, I’ve
always seen the bridge being built like this. This bridge is much more
than a passage between two banks. It is a link renewed each year
between today’s community and a know-how that comes directly from
the Incas and has been passed down for centuries from father to son. Come on, come on, come on, come on! Choo!
THANKS. THANKS. It’s up to you.
Consider. As. We consider this bridge
to be something sacred. And it is our obligation
to rebuild it every year. Because otherwise, yes. We didn’t do that; it could
cause problems for the community. Through the community and that. Could cause drought,
famine, or who knows what else. That’s why everyone is here. The old, the young, and even
the children are there to observe. That’s how it is.
The tradition cannot die out. Because here, generally,
everyone has a function and everyone does what they have to do. The women, for their part, keep to themselves. According to tradition,
they are not allowed to approach the bridge during its entire construction. This could anger
the deities and bring bad luck. They are installed
100 meters higher. They are the ones who braid the ropes with
straw they have collected in the preceding days. At the mountaintops. As-salam. Alaykoum wa. Wa wa wa. Even as one. Farmer who owns some. Begin. The bridge will
take three days to build. The ropes braided by the women
complete the structure. Well done ! Come on. And of course, the one who has the honor
of crossing the new bridge first. He is the head of the community. Otherwise, I’m going to eat a
very, very, very, very, very, very. Very, very. A long time. Thank you very much, little brother. I hope it goes just as well
next year, because we have figured out how to do it. They will judge those who come after us. They still don’t understand. But they will learn to do it
and perpetuate the tradition. To your health, my brothers. We are returning to Cuzco. The locals celebrate
Corpus Christi, the city’s most important religious festival. For two weeks, processions and celebrations take place in succession
. Like its population. This festival reflects
the mixed culture of the country. A blend of two worlds. Corpus Christi’s aggression
against Historia. The Corpus.
Christi comes from. Syncretism of the two cultures:
Quechua culture and Spanish culture. The Spanish imposed
this on us here, in our own land. There used to be mummies here,
but they adapted the saints to the Andean colours. This is where
the syncretism of this story originated. And here is the Corpus Christi. And this is the Peru of the Andes.
However, the Nueva Cultura. It’s the Peru of the past
and the new Peru mixed together. You know that Peru is a mixture
of roots, cultures, and races. This is very important because many
people still believe in old beliefs. By merging these two cultures,
you have your present and your roots. In the temple of Santa Clara. The final
preparations for the Virgin of Belem are now underway. Her statue was entrusted for several
days on behalf of the parish, who dressed it up for this year’s parade. It is now up to the men
of the brotherhood to decorate her. This is an important responsibility
because the Virgin of Belem is reputed to be the most generous in miracles. It must therefore be
the most richly decorated. From yours. We are facing the Virgin of Belem. The boss of the. We can say that she is
the boss of Cuzco. Of the vocation to which. The people are particularly fond of
this image. It is a source of pride to be with
her and to take care of her. The Virgin Counts. She is adorned with her finest
jewels on this feast of the corpus. The corpus. The Virgin of Belem weighs two tons. Carrying it requires the energy and strength
of about forty people. The exercise is not without risk. Well done ! Bravo, Bravo, Bravo!
Well done ! Well done !
Well done ! Well done !
Move forward. Move forward.
Move forward. Move forward.
Thin. Thin.
Thin. Thin.
Thin. Thin.
Thin. Thin. Thin. Thin.
Well done. Change. They march to the rhythm of the music. Pop Moving. As you can see,
they are tilted. It’s called La Punta. Read Punta.
Read. Because if he walks straight, he risks
fracturing his clavicle, his clavicle. And for 20 years. I wore the Virgin Mary statue for 32
years. This is the love I have for the Holy Mother
of God, of Jesus, of Jesus. The Virgin Mary. We are all very religious and we
have a lot of affection for her. The procession will thus need several hours to go around
the large square of the cathedral. We. We went. While the crowd outside
continues to celebrate Corpus Christi. I would like to show you a painting
that perfectly illustrates the Spanish conquest strategy. And this painting is located here,
in this magnificent church of the Society of Jesus. After completing the military conquest,
after destroying all the religious symbols of the Incas, the Spanish will
pursue a policy of miscegenation in order to secure the support of the Inca nobility. And this period is
well illustrated on. This painting depicts a couple. He is Spanish. He is a captain. His name is Martin de Loyola. She is Inca. Her name is Beatrice. She is, in fact, the last
princess of the Incas. And as a little anecdote,
behind the couple, a figure holding a book, is Ignatius of Loyola. He is the founder
of the Jesuit Order. And why is he depicted here
in this painting when he never came to Cuzco? Simply
because he’s the groom’s uncle. The most mixed-race city
in Peru is located in the south. Its name is Arequipa. Near the mountain,
three volcanoes greet us. The most important one is called El Misti. Arequipa is nicknamed the white city
because of the color of the volcanic stone with which
it is built. This is where the largest
convent in the world, the Santa Catalina Monastery, is located. He is the very symbol of the evangelization
of Peru by the Spanish. Built in 1580, it was rebuilt in the 17th
century after a series of earthquakes. Spanning two hectares,
the convent is a city within a city, with its houses, streets,
squares, gardens, and cloisters. The nuns who lived here came
from families of very diverse social origins. Some, the wealthier ones,
were accompanied by their servants, but all had chosen to live
cloistered lives and lead an existence oriented towards prayer. Inside this convent,
there is a place I would like to show you, it is this place. It is a former dormitory which
today houses about a hundred paintings from the Cuzco school. These paintings are very interesting because they
played a part in the evangelization
of the Indians by the Spanish. There are two paintings that I would like to
show you in particular. There you go, you recognize the Virgin Mary. Well, to explain to the people that she is
an important figure in the Catholic religion, she is the mother of Jesus. We’re going to design a huge coat for him
that will make us think of a mountain. For what ? Simply because at
the time, we know that the Indians and the Incas saw
a deity behind every mountain. This is a perfect example of syncretism,
that is, the union of two worlds, of two beliefs. Another example. Jesus on the cross. Here too, the aim is to show the people
how much Christ resembles them. Look at his face,
it’s that of an Indian. He is wearing traditional clothing. And even more surprising,
take a good look at his right hand. She has six fingers. Well, this corresponds
to a malformation that some children had when their mother,
while pregnant, ate quinine. Here too, we are in the midst of syncretism. I’m now taking you to the Andean Museum
of Arequipa to meet a young girl. Her name is Juanita and her
story is heartbreaking. Here I present to you Juanita,
the ice mummy. She was found in 1995
after a volcanic eruption that melted the snows of Ampato at an altitude of 6300 meters
and exposed her body. She was offered as a sacrifice
to the mountain gods. She must have been between. Twelve and. Fourteen years old and she was undoubtedly very,
very beautiful because only very beautiful and healthy children were sacrificed. It remained like that for 500 years
in the ice, half a millennium. And today,
she rests in this chamber at -20 degrees, still in this fetal position. Juanita, the ice princess. So. The sun sets again
over Peru, especially over this part of the mountain range
that an American cartographer nicknamed Veronica, but which the people here have
dubbed the weeping mountain simply because there are always
clouds on its summit. That’s it, that’s the end of our story. But the Grand Tour continues. Because everything begins at the end. See you
soon. Come on Fox! Right? Oh yeah! Baby now!
Put on your shoes. Let’s take a break
to loose come for a ride. I want to take you out. Yeah! I want to take you out.
☀️ Suivez la course du soleil à travers les civilisations qui l’ont vénéré, craint ou dompté.
Amoureux de la France et du patrimoine, ses trésors n’auront plus de secrets pour vous 👉https://bit.ly/4dnI1h1
Du raffinement silencieux des geishas de Kyoto 🇯🇵 à la ferveur mystique des chamanes incas 🇵🇪, en passant par les fastes de l’Espagne impériale 🇪🇸, cette odyssée vous entraîne sur les traces de ceux qui ont bâti des empires à la lumière du ciel.
🏯 Samouraïs, conquistadors, empereurs, bâtisseurs ou moines…
Tous ont levé les yeux vers l’astre roi.
🎎 Des temples de Nara aux châteaux japonais,
🎸 des bibliothèques sacrées de l’Escurial aux cités englouties de l’Altiplano,
🌄 découvrez comment le soleil a guidé les croyances, l’art et le pouvoir.
Un voyage sacré et sensoriel, entre rites ancestraux, architectures grandioses et récits oubliés.
🌅 Quand le soleil se couche sur l’histoire… il éclaire l’héritage des civilisations.
🔔 Abonnez-vous pour ce tour du monde lumineux.
🧭 Et préparez-vous à voir l’histoire… sous un nouveau jour.
LE GRAND TOUR – EP02 : JAPON, MADRID, PEROU.
© ANAPROD – 2014
Tout droits réservés – AMP
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