海南神社 チャッキラコ
絶対に訪れたい 『絶景』
チャッキラコ
海南神社
国指定重要無形民俗文化財
ユネスコ無形文化遺産
風流踊
チャッキラコとは、毎年1月15日の小正月に三浦市三崎の仲崎・花暮地区や海南神社で行われる豊漁・豊作や商売繁盛などを祈願する踊りで、女性だけで行われてきた民俗芸能の一つです。
その起源は江戸時代まで遡り、『三崎志』（宝暦6年（1756）刊行）の年中行事の項に「〇初瀬踊 一名日ヤリ 十五日女児集リ踊ル」とあることから約250年前から伝承されてきたことが伺えます。
また、踊りには2つの伝説が伝えられています。1つは、海南神社の祭神藤原資盈の奥方盈渡姫が、庶民の娘に教えたというもの。もう1つは、源頼朝が三崎来遊の際、磯取りしていた親子に舞を所望し、母親が唄い、娘が舞ったというものです。現在でも、下を向き、真顔で踊っていますが、これは当時庶民が殿様（源頼朝）の前で踊るときに、顔をあげて笑顔で踊ることができなかったことから由来していると言われています。古代・中世まで遡るかは不明ですが、少なくとも江戸時代中期までは文献で確認されています。
チャッキラコは、大人の女性10人程が唄い、5歳程～12歳までの少女20人程が踊ります。少女は赤色の晴れ着、大人の女性は、黒色の着物に羽織姿で、舞扇とチャッキラコ（写真右下、綾竹）を演目に応じて使い分け、楽器類は伴わず、素唄と囃し言葉だけの素朴な唄と踊りです。踊りには、「ハツイセ」、「チャッキラコ」、「二本踊り」、「よささ節」、「鎌倉節」、「お伊勢参り」の6種類があります。
A must-visit “breathtaking view”
Chakkirako
Kainan Shrine
Nationally designated important intangible folk cultural property
UNESCO intangible cultural heritage
Furyu dance
Chakkirako is a folk dance performed by women only, held every year on January 15th, the first day of the month of the New Year, in the Nakazaki and Hanagure areas of Misaki, Miura City, and at Kainan Shrine.
Its origins date back to the Edo period, and the annual events section of the Misaki Journal (published in 1756) states that “Hatsuse Dance, performed on the 15th by girls,” which suggests that it has been passed down for about 250 years.
There are also two legends about the dance. One is that it was taught to the daughter of a commoner by Princess Maeda, wife of Fujiwara no Sukei, the deity of Kainan Shrine. The other is that when Minamoto no Yoritomo visited Misaki, he asked a mother and daughter who were fishing on the rocks to perform the dance, and the mother sang and the daughter danced. Even today, people dance with their heads down and straight faces, but this is said to have originated from the fact that common people could not lift their heads and dance with a smile when dancing in front of the lord (Minamoto no Yoritomo) at the time. It is unclear whether it dates back to ancient or medieval times, but it has been confirmed in documents at least up to the mid-Edo period.
Chakkirako is sung by about 10 adult women and danced by about 20 girls between the ages of 5 and 12. The girls wear red formal attire, while the adult women wear black kimonos and haori. They use different dance fans and chakkirako (lower right, photo, bamboo sticks) depending on the performance, and there are no musical instruments. It is a simple song and dance with only plain songs and hayashikotoba. There are six types of dance: “Hatsuise”, “Chakkirako”, “Nihonodori”, “Yosasa-bushi”, “Kamakura-bushi”, and “Oise Mairi”.