Thanks to Dr Raff for the interview and for sharing the slides from one of her lectures to illustrate the video. Check out Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas. https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/jennifer-raff/origin/9781538749715/?lens=twelve
For more depth, Dr Raff recommended checking out this article: Willerslev and Meltzer 2021. “Peopling of the Americas as inferred from ancient genomics.” https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03499-y
Chapters
0:00:53. Introduction to Dr Raff and her interest in archaeogenetics
0:04:45. Updates, improvements, and new methods in the field of ancient DNA
0:07:12. Challenges and limitations to collecting ancient genomes
0:10:00. Contamination and ancient DNA laboratory set-ups
0:14:32. Dr Raff’s interest and introduction to the topic of the peopling of the Americas
0:17:21. Clovis first and pre-Clovis models for the first Americans
0:26:35. Do things keep getting older? Archaeology and headlines
0:30:09. How geneticists examine migration, dispersal, and the first Americans
0:36:36. Modern DNA and ancient DNA. Updating and improving genetic models
0:39:55. Peoples in Beringia. Isolation, refugia, and populations
0:47:51. Peoples moving from Beringia into North and South America
0:54:06. How to date when two lineages last shared a common ancestor
0:57:20. Chronology for the peopling of the Americas: archaeology and DNA
1:01:42. Ethics and ancient DNA research. Permissions, ancestors, stakeholders, and science
1:08:45. Science, archaeology, history, mythology, and identity
1:12:07. Correcting the worst public misconception about DNA: there is no genetic purity.
1:14:25. Population Y: controversies and explaining the evidence
1:21:25. Exciting to look forward to what comes next
For more #RealArchaeology coming Oct 25th-27th, see www.real-archaeology.com
Keywords: Ancient DNA, aDNA, archaeogenetics, Genetics, First Americans, Peopling of the Americas, Clovis first, pre-clovis, archaeology, prehistory, history, Beringia, haplogroup, Indigenous Americans, archaeological ethics, ancestry, debunking, alt-history, fake history, real archaeology, evidence-based-content, Jennifer Raff, Flint Dibble
31 Comments
Support this channel with a Super Thanks or become a channel member today for some behind-the-scenes perks!
Or buy me a coffee at: http://www.ko-fi.com/flintdibble or subscribe at: https://www.patreon.com/flintdibble
The genes don't lie !
"If I were helicase I could unzip your genes"
-Gene Hackman
common Dibble W
Somewhat of a sidebar but here it goes 😂
So as of recent, ive been learning about the ancient mysteries and the ancient rites and rituals. Such as Bacchic, Dionysius, Elusynian as well as others. Without getting into too much detail, all these rituals were centered around ancient healthcare. However their methods of healthcare were highly controversial by our standards today.
For instance, snake bites were a common issue. Naturally, antidotes are needed. So back in the bronze age, the phoencians who engaged in slave trade provided ample bodies to experiment on. Children were also available for (fill in the blank). Female children were administered daily microdoses of venom until the time of her first flow by which time her immune system converted her body into the antidote. Her fluids were celebrated and used as medicine. Even her bath water! Now she graduated to priestess, oracle or godess status. A giver of life.
The medicine also utilized stem cells extracted from bone marrow. What wild to me is they found mammoth bones in malta inside manmade tunnels. There is an oracular chamber there. Archeology consideres these ancient sites as places of worship. I see this place as a operational honebase, to hold prusoners, while experimenting on them. Take a closer look at Malta. Its got weird history.
The stem cells were also exteacted from drug induced abort-i0ns. (Sorry for weird typing. Teying to get around censorship😂). The remains were stem cell rich.
All this medicine bled over into the realm of magic. It gets weird.
Most important takeaway is that the women were the health givers and many ancient sites are in my opinion wrongfully labeled as temples when they could be thought more of hospitals or places where people pulgramged to , like gobekli tepe, to trade (sacrifice) young ones for medicine.
I know im crossing time lines but i think these processes of healthcare have been around a loooong time. Its a himan need never considered in history research.
Ironically the drug use paved the way for women to have a big role in decisions kings made. Oracles controlled when king went or didnt go to war.
During constantines rule of what was left of the roman empire, in am attempt to slavage it, he used tue christian phenomenon to his advantage to take the power away from women, end healthcare, amd label them as witches .
Anyway, with all the use of stem cells and medicine, and forced marriages, i got to thinking. What does natural selection really mean? I truly think that the ancient healthcare processes impacted our gene pool. Mixing animal stem cells for cures has to have impact.
Even today most understand that too much modern medicine is bad for you. It can create mutations. So how much of our evolution falls under self directed evolution?
Did we will our mutations? Is luis farakan right about yakub and his crazy ideas? Maybe theres somethign to it. Imagine mixing mammoth growth hormones with an embryo? You may breed an….anunaki😂
It would be interesting to see you interview Native archaeologists instead of just more white "experts" who usually have very little contact or relationships with Native people. It gives the usual Eurocentric know-it-all that profits off of Native people bjt does nothing to actually promote real life Native people
Flint, you are paving a path for modern archeology. You’re doing “sciences” work 😂 keep it up
Oh you dabble in archeology? I Dibble.
As a person whose passions are archaeology and genealogy/DNA. What a great interview! Thank you very much!
Soo interesting that there are more archaeological finds than genetic sequences of them; yay, more informations will turn up! Thanks for your work!
Thanks for posting. Always interesting guests and topics.
Great conversation! Thank you for bringing around experts.
Inland corridor game trails would be like pathways for dogsled land boats to haul gear distances.
Sled wrapped in an animal skin floats stuff like a speculative archeological pontoon drybag across rivers.
Say that Beringia had cranes flying from the Great Plains to Siberia for longer than people have made that journey.
Neat to think a population might have had giant stadium-loud honking flocks passing annually overhead, for centuries or a couple millennia.
Under the aurora, wondering where the birds came from. Wondering where they were going.
Each time I see an episode I learn so much. I'm excited to see what the next one is going to be.
A view on what we know about the domestication of animals would be very interesting. Especially the notion that it happened several times and by very different peoples. I often wonder where the first person lived that had the idea of climbing on the back of a horse…
Flint dibble😂😂😂imout
You should send this to one Mr. Hancock
I think the most parsimonious explanation for genetic evidence not accommodating these very early dates — especially White Sands, but also Rimrock Draw in Eastern Oregon (~18kya) — is that these very early people were relatively few in number compared to the later wave, and were replaced without having any current descendants. No or very little genetic contribution.
This wouldn't be particularly unusual. The earliest H. sapiens in Europe are not the direct ancestors of current Europeans.
I suppose it will be sorted out when we eventually get a genome from 20k+ year-old remains.
Yay!
36:42 On your point, I've made a few videos about how my DNA results changed since my initial results and I now understand that things change a lot. Luckily for me I've traced my family tree back to Rhys Ap Gruffudd, so I can confidently say that at least ONE line of my family goes back 1000 years in Wales but I can't say the same for ALL the other Lines. AND If you need a quick example of how "where you live now, doesn't translate to prehistory" You need only look to the USA. Spanish settlement around 1500 and English settlement around 1600. People who can trace your ancestry back to the original settlement, that does not mean you are English NOW, it means some of your ancestors WERE THEN.
Cerruti Mastodon evidence puts humans in NA at least 130 kya.
Genetic markers precluding a sberian-NA-CA-SA, with movement of polynesians directly into the Amazon. You can't ignore data that refutes your pet theories.
My fingers, toes, and eyes are all tightly crossed for the day we get Homo erectus DNA that we can definitely identify!
Clovis comes from western Europe. Clovis does not come from Asian migrants following animal herds.
Salutrian people came to America long before eastern Asian tribes. They went extinct with the other megafauna. Younger Dryas events devastated the north western hemisphere.
South America was colonized by South Pacific Islanders and Indonesian tribes. There also seems to be Mesopotamian people.
Central America shows signs of African influence.
🐶 🐶 🐶
Cool video, thanks for all the discussion!
I did the full sequence mitochondrial test my maternal grandmother was Creek. The Creeks are supposed to have came from Mexico or further south. My mtdna matches have many hispanic people.
I find it hard to stomach the concept of the sins of our forefathers being laid at the feet of our children. She's not a settler. She may have settlers in her ancestry but at what point do we stop with the self flagellation? Identitarianism tends to limit shared humanity, imo.
I'm so old, that my DNA is classified in the domain of archaea. Mitochondria wasn't even invented yet ! Is that ancient enough DNA for you ?
Regarding a possible Viking genetic connection between Europe and North-American. I’m Icelandic and took my first DNA test 6 years ago and was a bit shocked by the number of DNA relatives I had in the US. There was quite a significant migration from Iceland to Canada in the late 19th century so part of it was certainly related to that but those were easy to separate from the rest and only represented a small percentage of those matches. Looking closer at those cousin matches I subsequently discovered that they all traced their lineages to Colonial America, Melungeons (culture that I only discovered because of researching these matches) and East Coast NA tribes… from Mi’kmaq in the north to Algonquin and Cherokee tribes in the south.
Further research showed that it was coming through all my grandparents lines and I have found this connection between these same clusters/populations and all Icelanders who’s DNA cousin matches I have looked at in this detail. The segment sizes are usually not very large but quite numerous so this connection is likely to be 200-300 years old at least. Even though there are some larger shared segments with some of these matches, up to 16cM long but, then could very well to be an artefact of the endogamy in Iceland and many of these population groups.
Now, there are many possible avenues for this unexplained genetic link. An unrecorded Icelander amongst the early colonists. The Basque whalers that frequented those costs on both sides of the Atlantic during the 16th and 17th centuries, English “pirate” traders during the same time, the Hernhutters (Moravian Church) that had missions with many of these tribes etc. etc. But none of those connections are documented.
The more I’ve looked at it, based on how widespread this link seems to be within the Icelandic population and along the East Coast, I’ve begun to suspect that it is even earlier… either related to the Greenland Norse or those earlier voyages that either left some DNA behind on the North American East Coast or may have brought someone (or more) with them back from North America to Iceland. Magnified by endogamy in those population groups on both sides of the Atlantic.
Might be an interesting topic for some future research 😊
Thank you both for this!
Regarding ethics, Al Jazeera's recent documentary about Eske Willerslev's journey with this in connection with Kennewick man is pretty interesting.
Also, is my memory playing tricks on me or are there older theories arguing for a peopling of the Americas around 25,000 years ago? I remember being surprised when I heard about the Clovis first hypothesis as a young adult, because I could've sworn that growing up this is the figure I learned. And I'm older than both of you.
As a genealogist, ancient DNA and archeology is an interesting and exciting field to follow.
Thanks for having Jennifer Raff as a guest. Her perspective was captivating.
Bravo!
Thanks for the excellent presentation!