{"id":366398,"date":"2026-03-17T11:25:37","date_gmt":"2026-03-17T11:25:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wacoca.com\/life\/366398\/"},"modified":"2026-03-17T11:25:37","modified_gmt":"2026-03-17T11:25:37","slug":"reexamining-the-increase-in-womens-commuting-time-in-japan%ef%bc%8devidence-from-compositional-changes-and-panel-data-analysis-2019-2025-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wacoca.com\/life\/366398\/","title":{"rendered":"Reexamining the Increase in Women\u2019s Commuting Time in Japan\uff0dEvidence from Compositional Changes and Panel Data Analysis (2019\u20132025)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n                                            \u25a0Summary<\/p>\n<p>Previous NLI Research Institute Letters\u2014 \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nli-research.co.jp\/en\/report\/detail\/id=84795?site=nli\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Changes in Average Commuting Time Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan\u2015Gender and Age Differences<\/a>\u201d and \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nli-research.co.jp\/en\/report\/detail\/id=84831?site=nli\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Regional Differences in the Increase in Women&#8217;s Average Commuting Time in Japan Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic<\/a>\u201d\u2014used an original survey conducted by the NLI Research Institute and suggested that women\u2019s commuting time increased between 2019 and 2025 across regions. This article examines whether the observed increase may instead be explained by respondent turnover or changes in the composition of employment types. Analyses by employment type and panel analyses limited to respondents who participated in both the 2019 and 2025 survey indicate that the increase in women\u2019s commuting time cannot be explained solely by such compositional changes, suggesting that it likely reflects actual changes in commuting behavior.<\/p>\n<p>\u25a0Index<\/p>\n<p><a data-ajax=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nli-research.co.jp\/en\/report\/detail\/id=84853?pno=2&amp;site=nli\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">1\u2015\u2015Introduction<\/a><br \/>&#13;<br \/>\n<a data-ajax=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nli-research.co.jp\/en\/report\/detail\/id=84853?pno=2&amp;site=nli#anka1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">2\u2015\u2015Changes in the Composition of Employment Types<\/a><br \/>&#13;<br \/>\n<a data-ajax=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nli-research.co.jp\/en\/report\/detail\/id=84853?pno=2&amp;site=nli#anka2\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">3\u2015\u2015Analysis by Employment Type<\/a><br \/>&#13;<br \/>\n<a data-ajax=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nli-research.co.jp\/en\/report\/detail\/id=84853?pno=2&amp;site=nli#anka3\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">4\u2015\u2015Panel Data Analysis<\/a><br \/>&#13;<br \/>\n<a data-ajax=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nli-research.co.jp\/en\/report\/detail\/id=84853?pno=2&amp;site=nli#anka4\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">5\u2015\u2015Conclusion<\/a>&#13;\n                                    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0Summary Previous NLI Research Institute Letters\u2014 \u201cChanges in Average Commuting Time Before and After the COVI<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":366036,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[156989],"tags":[156990,48179,23824],"class_list":{"0":"post-366398","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-insurance","8":"tag-hoken","9":"tag-insurance","10":"tag-23824"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/wakoka.com\/@life\/116244272171027552","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wacoca.com\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/366398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wacoca.com\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wacoca.com\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wacoca.com\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wacoca.com\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=366398"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.wacoca.com\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/366398\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wacoca.com\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/366036"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wacoca.com\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=366398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wacoca.com\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=366398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wacoca.com\/life\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=366398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}